Which components must be bonded according to standard requirements?

Bonding is an essential aspect of electrical installation and safety, as it helps prevent electrical shock and ensures proper operation of electrical equipment. According to standard requirements, various components must be bonded to ensure effective grounding and to create a safe electrical environment.

When considering the answer that includes "all of these," it encompasses several critical elements. Metal enclosures must be bonded to prevent any electric shock hazards that could arise from accidental contact. Electrical equipment itself often requires bonding to ensure that any fault current can return safely and effectively to ground. Additionally, raceways—which are conduits for electrical wiring—must also be bonded to help manage potential differences in voltage and ensure a continuous path back to ground.

Thus, the inclusion of all these components highlights the comprehensive nature of bonding requirements to protect individuals and property from electrical hazards. By bonding metal enclosures, electrical equipment, and raceways, the overall electrical system operates safely and effectively.